Syphilis Test

Overview

Syphilis is a multi-stage bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Cases have increased dramatically since 2000. Early detection is critical as the infection progresses through stages, potentially causing severe organ damage if untreated. Blood tests detect antibodies at any stage.

Who Should Get Tested?

Pregnant women (required), men who have sex with men (every 3-6 months), HIV-positive individuals, anyone with a partner diagnosed with syphilis, sex workers, and those exchanging sex for drugs/money.

What to Expect

Standard blood draw from arm. Two-stage testing: initial screening (RPR/VDRL) followed by confirmatory treponemal test if positive. Results in 2-3 days.

How to Prepare

No special preparation. Fasting not required. Stay well-hydrated for blood draw.

Window Period (When to Test)

Earliest Detection: 14 days post-exposure

Optimal Testing: 21 days post-exposure

Conclusive Results: 90 days post-exposure

Antibodies may not be detectable for 2-4 weeks. Darkfield microscopy can detect primary syphilis earlier (10-90 days post-exposure).

Symptoms

In Men

Painless sore (chancre), rash on palms/soles, flu-like symptoms, hair loss, swollen lymph nodes

In Women

Painless sore on genitals/rectum/mouth, rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, patchy hair loss

Possible Complications

Neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, cardiovascular damage, organ damage, stillbirth, congenital syphilis in babies

Treatment

Benzathine penicillin G injections; treatment duration depends on stage

Retesting Recommendations

Follow-up testing at 6 and 12 months to confirm treatment success

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you have syphilis without symptoms?

Yes, the secondary stage can resolve without treatment, leading to latent syphilis with no symptoms for years. The infection remains in your body and can damage organs over time.

What are the stages of syphilis?

Primary (painless sore/chancre), Secondary (rash, flu-like symptoms), Latent (no symptoms), Tertiary (severe organ damage). Early treatment prevents progression.

Can syphilis be cured?

Yes, syphilis is curable with penicillin at any stage, but damage done in later stages may be irreversible.

Why did my syphilis test come back positive when I was treated years ago?

Treponemal tests remain positive for life even after successful treatment. Your provider uses non-treponemal tests (RPR/VDRL) with titers to determine if you have an active infection.

Cost & Pricing

The Syphilis Test typically costs between $39 and $79 when ordered directly through a certified lab. Prices may vary by location. Many testing centers accept HSA/FSA cards.

Learn More: Visit the CDC Syphilis Test Information for additional details from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.